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我国农业生产的发展方向：从机械化到智慧化

罗锡文,廖娟,臧英,区颖刚,汪沛

《中国工程科学》 2022年 第24卷 第1期   页码 46-54 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.01.005

摘要：

“谁来种地，怎样种地”是中国和全世界农业生产面临的共同问题。改革开放以来，我国农业生产的机械化水平已显著提高；而农业生产智慧化是今后社会发展的必然趋势，将以智能装备为基础，以数据和知识为核心要素，使现代科学技术与农业深度融合，实现农业生产全过程的数字化感知、智能化决策、精准化作业和智慧化管理，进一步大幅提高劳动生产率、土地产出率和资源利用率。本文以水稻生产为例介绍了我国农业生产的发展现状，分析了我国农业生产向智慧化生产转变的必要性，总结了我国农业生产向智慧化发展面临的机遇与挑战，据此提出了我国农业生产的发展方向和发展路线。为促进我国农业生产方式从机械化向智慧化转变，本文提出了加强农机装备研发和创新体系建设、加强农机推广体系建设、加强农机社会化服务体系建设、加快智慧农业示范区建设等对策建议。

关键词： 农业生产     水稻生产     农业机械化     信息技术     智能农机     农业生产智慧化    

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INTEGRATING CROP AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION SYSTEMS—TOWARDS AGRICULTURAL GREEN DEVELOPMENT

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第8卷 第1期

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INTEGRATING CROP AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION SYSTEMS—TOWARDS AGRICULTURAL GREEN DEVELOPMENT

Yong HOU, Oene OENEMA, Fusuo ZHANG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第8卷 第1期   页码 1-14 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021384

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A data envelopment analysis of agricultural technical efficiency of Northwest Arid Areas in China

Yubao WANG, Lijie SHI, Haojie ZHANG, Shikun SUN

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第4卷 第2期   页码 195-207 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017153

摘要： Severe resource shortage and waste of resource in agricultural production make it necessary to assess efficiency to increase productivity with high efficiency and ensure sustainable agricultural development. This paper adopted an input-oriented data envelopment analysis (DEA) method with the assumption of variable returns to scale to evaluate agricultural production efficiency of 100 major irrigation districts in Northwest China in 2010. Major findings of this paper were as follows: firstly, the average value of total technical efficiency, pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency of those irrigation districts in Northwest China were 0.770, 0.825 and 0.931, respectively; secondly, 30% of irrigation districts were technically efficient, while 42% and 32% of them showed pure technical and scale efficiency respectively. Among inefficient decision-making units, total technical efficiency score varied from 0.313 to 0.966, showing significant geographical differences, but geographical differences of pure technical efficiency was more consistent with that of total technical efficiency; thirdly, input redundancy was evident. Inputs of agricultural population, irrigation area, green water, blue water, consumption of fertilizer and agricultural machinery could be reduced by 34.88%, 40.19%, 43.85%, 47.10%, 41.53% and 42.21% respectively without reducing agricultural outputs. Furthermore, irrigation area, green water and blue water had relatively high slack movement though Northwest China which is short of water resources. Based on these results, this paper drew the following conclusions: First, there is huge potential for Northwest China to improve its agricultural production efficiency, and agro-technology not input scale had greater influence on improvement. Second, farmers needed proper guidance in order to reduce agricultural inputs and it is time to centralize agricultural management for overall agricultural inputs regulation and control.

关键词： agricultural production efficiency     DEA model     input redundancy     irrigation districts     Northwest Arid Areas in China    

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PROGRESS ON IMPROVING AGRICULTURAL NITROGEN USE EFFICIENCY: UK-CHINA VIRTUAL JOINT CENTERS ON NITROGEN

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第9卷 第3期   页码 475-489 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2022459

摘要：

● Virtual joint centers on N agronomy were established between UK and China.

关键词： CINAg     N-CIRCLE     nitrogen use efficiency     reactive nitrogen     sustainable production    

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作物遗传改良——农业可持续发展的保证

万建民

《工程（英文）》 2018年 第4卷 第4期   页码 431-432 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.07.019

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我国典型农作区作物生产碳汇功能研究

佘玮,黄璜,官春云,陈阜,陈光辉

《中国工程科学》 2016年 第18卷 第1期   页码 106-113 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2016.01.013

摘要：

我国是一个农业大国，研究我国典型农作区作物生产碳汇对于估算区域碳收支和制定应对气候变化的管理政策有重要的意义。全国6个典型农作区中主要农作物生产整体表现为碳汇。同一区域内不同作物的碳汇量差异明显，同一作物在不同区域之间差异显著。全国年土壤有机碳储量整体表现为碳汇，不同区域年土壤有机碳储量的范围为–2.07 TgC·y–1~19.95 TgC·y–1。

关键词： 作物生产     固碳减排措施     碳汇功能    

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Goryachkin’s agricultural mechanics

Vera CHINENOVA

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第11卷 第1期   页码 87-94 doi: 10.1007/s11465-016-0378-x

摘要：

The paper contributes to the development of applied mechanics by establishing a new discipline, namely, agricultural mechanics by academician Vasilii Prohorovich Goryachkin (1868–1935) who was an apprentice of Nikolay Yegorovich Zhukovsky and a graduate of the Moscow University (current known as Moscow State University) and the Imperial Higher Technical School.

关键词： theory of mechanisms and machines     agricultural machinery engineering     agricultural mechanics    

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现代农业转型发展与食物安全供求趋势研究

黄季焜,王济民,解伟,王晓兵,侯玲玲,周慧,盛誉,刘旭

《中国工程科学》 2019年 第21卷 第5期   页码 1-9 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2019.05.015

摘要：

在全球背景下厘清我国未来农业转型方向、生产方式转变路径和食物供求变动趋势，提出现代农业转型发展战略和政策建议。我国农业发展面临着六大挑战，应深入推进农业供给侧结构性改革，优化产品产业结构，改善农产品供求结构，提升农产品质量安全水平。通过大样本农户调研数据分析发现，应不断完善土地流转市场和社会化服务体系来保障现代农业转型发展。面向2035 年的农业生产结构调整预测表明，我国农产品的供需失衡现象将趋向突出：饲料自给率将继续下降，食糖和食油的需求缺口将逐渐扩大，畜产品生产和供需缺口将取决于饲料粮贸易政策和草牧业发展政策，但蔬菜和水果依然保持一定的比较优势。

关键词： 农业生产结构     食物安全     供给     需求    

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Fighting for the poverty: a case study for human migration in the context of sustainable dryland farming development in the Southern Ningxia Hilly Area

Yongqing MA, Jie CHEN, Shuqi DONG, Lun SHAN

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第1卷 第1期   页码 62-68 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2014027

摘要： The Southern Ningxia Hilly Area is one of the most impoverished areas of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (a province) of China due to an economy that mainly relies on agriculture, which is affected by droughts in two out of every three years. Government programs have attempted to develop an increased and sustainable level of scientifically based agricultural production while restoring the environment. However, since the population exceeds the capacity of the land to adequately support it, a program is underway to move 350000 people to more suitable locations. This paper outlines the past improvements to the Southern Ningxia Hilly Area and considers future development in the context of migration for ecological reasons.

关键词： agricultural production     animal husbandry     development strategy     ecological migration    

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STRENGTHENING NON-POINT SOURCE POLLUTION CONTROL TO PROMOTE AGRICULTURAL GREEN DEVELOPMENT

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第10卷 第4期   页码 503-509 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023528

摘要：

STRENGTHENING NON-POINT SOURCE POLLUTION CONTROL TO PROMOTE AGRICULTURAL GREEN DEVELOPMENT

关键词： GREEN     AGRICULTURAL     PROMOTE     POLLUTION     SOURCE     DEVELOPMENT     POINT     STRENGTHENING     CONTROL    

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装备与信息协同促进现代智慧农业发展研究

韩佳伟,朱文颖,张博,赵春江,杨信廷

《中国工程科学》 2022年 第24卷 第1期   页码 55-63 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.01.007

摘要：

农业机械装备是现代农业发展的物质基础、农业机械化发展的重要标志，新一代信息技术驱动农业机械装备智能化转型升级；基于装备与信息技术协同的智慧农业成为现代农业发展的新趋势，对提高农业生产效率、推动农业机械优质高效发展具有积极意义。本文对比分析了国内外智慧农业的研究现状，梳理了我国农业机械装备、农业信息技术的研究进展与趋势；在剖析我国现代智慧农业发展需求并前瞻发展价值的基础上，提出重点工程发展建议：农业生态系统监测网络新基建工程、国家农业大数据中心及运行机制构建工程、智能农机装备研发应用工程、农业信息服务示范工程、果蔬商品化处理智能感控技术与装备研发示范工程。研究认为，立足国情加大农业科技创新投入并优化结构、建立农业“产学研”创新联盟、完善农业科技创新激励政策，可为引导现代智慧农业发展提供坚实保障。

关键词： 农业装备     农业信息化     农业信息服务     智能农机     新基建    

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Fabrication, characterization and evaluation of mesoporous activated carbons from agricultural waste:

Lei YU,Chen TU,Yongming LUO

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第9卷 第2期   页码 206-215 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0631-7

摘要： This work explores the feasibility of Jerusalem artichoke stem (JAS), an agricultural waste, as an alternative precursor for fabrication of mesoporous activated carbon (MAC) via conventional ZnCl activation. The as-prepared JAS-MACs were characterized by thermogravimetric, nitrogen gas adsorption isotherm and high resolution scanning electron microscopy analysis. The interacting effects of chemical dosage, activation temperature and time on the mesoporosity, mesopore volume and carbon yield were investigated, and further optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area, mesoporosity and mesopore volume of the JAS-MAC prepared under optimum condition were identified to be 1631 m ·g , 90.16% and 1.11 cm ·g , respectively. Compared with commercial activated carbons, this carbon exhibited a comparable monolayer adsorption capacity of 374.5 mg·g for Methylene Blue dye. The findings suggest that RSM could be an effective approach for optimizing the pore structure of fabricated activated carbons.

关键词： mesoporous activated carbon     response surface methodology     adsorption isotherm     agricultural wastes    

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Environmental deterioration of farmlands caused by the irrational use of agricultural technologies

Xubin Pan,Zhongkui Luo,Yongbo Liu

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-016-0865-7

摘要： Without considering the ecosystem-dependence of agricultural production, irrational use of agricultural technologies could bring only short-term economic benefits but leave long-term environmental deterioration. If some agricultural lands have to be abandoned because of these technologies such as chemical films or groundwater depletion, it will aggravate the burden of remaining lands for maintaining or enhancing production. Thus, agricultural production should be a part of public services, requiring the consideration of interests of different stakeholders and sustainability.

关键词： agricultural film     groundwater exploitation     food security     environmental cost    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

我国农业生产的发展方向：从机械化到智慧化

罗锡文,廖娟,臧英,区颖刚,汪沛

期刊论文

INTEGRATING CROP AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION SYSTEMS—TOWARDS AGRICULTURAL GREEN DEVELOPMENT

期刊论文

INTEGRATING CROP AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION SYSTEMS—TOWARDS AGRICULTURAL GREEN DEVELOPMENT

Yong HOU, Oene OENEMA, Fusuo ZHANG

期刊论文

A data envelopment analysis of agricultural technical efficiency of Northwest Arid Areas in China

Yubao WANG, Lijie SHI, Haojie ZHANG, Shikun SUN

期刊论文

PROGRESS ON IMPROVING AGRICULTURAL NITROGEN USE EFFICIENCY: UK-CHINA VIRTUAL JOINT CENTERS ON NITROGEN

期刊论文

作物遗传改良——农业可持续发展的保证

万建民

期刊论文

我国典型农作区作物生产碳汇功能研究

佘玮,黄璜,官春云,陈阜,陈光辉

期刊论文

Goryachkin’s agricultural mechanics

Vera CHINENOVA

期刊论文

现代农业转型发展与食物安全供求趋势研究

黄季焜,王济民,解伟,王晓兵,侯玲玲,周慧,盛誉,刘旭

期刊论文

Fighting for the poverty: a case study for human migration in the context of sustainable dryland farming development in the Southern Ningxia Hilly Area

Yongqing MA, Jie CHEN, Shuqi DONG, Lun SHAN

期刊论文

STRENGTHENING NON-POINT SOURCE POLLUTION CONTROL TO PROMOTE AGRICULTURAL GREEN DEVELOPMENT

期刊论文

印遇龙：猪粪与农业生产（2018年5月31日）

2021年04月21日

会议视频

装备与信息协同促进现代智慧农业发展研究

韩佳伟,朱文颖,张博,赵春江,杨信廷

期刊论文

Fabrication, characterization and evaluation of mesoporous activated carbons from agricultural waste:

Lei YU,Chen TU,Yongming LUO

期刊论文

Environmental deterioration of farmlands caused by the irrational use of agricultural technologies

Xubin Pan,Zhongkui Luo,Yongbo Liu

期刊论文